Various combinations of multi-use practices can be found in the Dutch North Sea. They mainly centre around the combination with Offshore Wind Energy (OWE). These combinations result from a progressive maritime policy and an innovative approach to spatial planning that aims to align the economic use of the marine environment with the protection and preservation of biodiversity.

A desire for sustainable economic growth, energy independence, and marine environment protection characterises the socio-economic background of multi-use in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is one of the leading countries in offshore wind energy and is committed to expanding renewable energies to achieve its climate targets, among other objectives. Therefore, multi-use in the Netherlands presents a relevant alternative to the previous focus on exclusive space usage.

Politically, multi-use is supported by advanced legislation and strong institutions that enable integrated marine spatial planning. Close cooperation exists between ministries, research institutions, and the industry to harmonise different use categories, such as energy production, aquaculture, fishing, conservation, and shipping. The political foundation for multi-use is partly based on the Dutch North Sea Strategy 2030, which rests on the principles of sustainability, innovation, and cooperation.

In the next section, you’ll learn more about a multi-use example that was explored under the UNITED project.